What is the function of a transformer in electrical systems?

A transformer is an essential device in electrical systems, primarily designed to change voltage levels. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between circuits at varying voltages. By increasing or decreasing the voltage while maintaining the same frequency, transformers enable efficient power transmission over long distances and deliver usable voltage levels to homes and businesses.

Changing voltage levels is crucial because it allows power distribution systems to minimize energy losses that occur during transmission. For example, high voltage is used to transmit electricity over long distances, which reduces the current and subsequently the heat lost due to resistance in the wires. Upon reaching local substations, transformers step down the high voltage to safer, usable levels for consumer use.

The other functions mentioned, such as protection against overload, regulation of current flow, and providing grounding, are specific to different devices or systems within the electrical infrastructure. These functions are not directly associated with the primary role of a transformer, which is focused solely on adjusting voltage levels.