What three components are necessary for a complete electrical circuit?

For a complete electrical circuit, a power source, a load, and a conductive path are essential components. The power source, such as a battery or electrical outlet, provides the necessary voltage that drives current through the circuit. The load refers to any device that consumes electrical energy to perform work, such as a light bulb, motor, or resistor. The conductive path, often made of wires or other conductive materials, allows electric current to flow from the power source to the load and back again, thus completing the circuit.

Combining these three elements enables the flow of electricity, making it possible for the load to operate. In contrast, the other sets of components listed do not form a complete electrical circuit because they lack one or more of the critical elements required for current to flow effectively and sustain operation. For example, switches and fuses are important for controlling and protecting circuits but do not replace the need for a power source, load, and conductive path.