When calculating the secondary current of a transformer, what happens to the current as the voltage increases?

When calculating the secondary current of a transformer, the relationship between voltage and current is governed by the principle of conservation of energy, which states that power in (primary side) must equal power out (secondary side), minus losses. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and their operation can be described by the formula:

[ P_{primary} = V_{primary} \times I_{primary} ]

[ P_{secondary} = V_{secondary} \times I_{secondary} ]

Assuming an ideal transformer with no losses, the input power equals the output power:

[ V_{primary} \times I_{primary} = V_{secondary} \times I_{secondary} ]

From this, you can derive the relationship that if the voltage on the secondary side increases, while maintaining the same power level, the current must decrease. This is because an increase in voltage means that less current is needed to maintain the same power output (Power = Voltage x Current). Therefore, as the voltage increases, the secondary current decreases in accordance with the transformation ratio defined by the voltage levels on both sides of the transformer. This understanding is foundational in transformer operation and design, providing key insights into load calculations and electrical system efficiency.